Andean Ontologies is a fascinating interdisciplinary investigation of how ancient Andean people understood their world and the nature of being.Exploring pre-Hispanic ideas of time, space, and the human body, these essays highlight a range of beliefs across the region’s different cultures, emphasizing the relational aspects of identity in Andean worldviews. This volume breaks new ground by bringing together an array of renowned specialists including anthropologists, bioarchaeologists, historians, linguists, ethnohistorians, and art historians to evaluate ancient Amerindian ideologies through different interpretive lenses.Many are local researchers from South American countries such as Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina, and this volume makes their work available to North American readers for the first time.Their essays are highly contextualized according to the territories and time periods studied.Instead of taking an external, outside-in approach, they prioritize internal and localized views that incorporate insights from today’s indigenous societies.This cutting-edge collection demonstrates the value of a multifaceted, holistic, inside-out approach to the pre-Columbian world.